New Foam Material And Its Technical Characteristics

The new foam material and its technical characteristics can be summarized in the following aspects:

(1) Environmentally friendly foaming materials and technologies

Solving the problem of traditional freon blowing agents destroying the ozone layer has always been a hot spot in the world. In recent years, Freon alternative blowing agents with low ozone depletion potential (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP) have been vigorously developed, such as hydrochlorofluorocarbon blowing agents as second-generation blowing agents, No. Three generations of blowing agents such as hydrofluorocarbons, alkanes, carbon dioxide and other blowing agents have gradually achieved commercialization. On this basis, various Freon alternative foaming technologies have been introduced, such as HCFC-141b foaming for polyurethane, HFC-245fa foaming, cyclopentane foaming, cyclopentane-isopentane foaming, and all-water foaming. Technology such as foaming, carbon dioxide foaming, butane foaming technology for polyethylene and polystyrene, and water foaming technology for thermoplastic elastomers, silicone rubber sponge, polyethylene, polystyrene, etc., have achieved good results Effect. The emergence of new types of foaming agents such as endothermic-exothermic balanced foaming agents, microcapsule foaming agents, and masterbatch foaming agents also provides a better choice for improving the foaming effect.

(2) High-performance foam materials and technologies

Foam materials have the characteristics of light weight, heat insulation, and sound insulation, but to meet the application requirements in special environments, it is necessary to develop high-performance foam materials with excellent physical and mechanical properties. Flame retardant foam materials, such as flame retardant polyethylene foam, flame retardant polystyrene foam, flame retardant polyvinyl chloride foam, flame retardant polyurethane foam, flame retardant rubber and elastomer foam, etc., due to the improved flame retardant performance , In some occasions, it can meet the requirements of safety and fire prevention.

The high-temperature-resistant foam material greatly broadens the temperature range of the foam material, and can work continuously for a long time in a high-temperature environment above 150-200°C, and some even have an instantaneous heat resistance of up to 540°C. Phenolic foam, epoxy foam, polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam, polyimide (PI) foam, silicone foam and other high temperature resistant foams are used as high-performance foam materials in aerospace , high-speed trains, ships, military and other special fields play an important role.

Foam materials can also be modified by foaming methods, such as filling modification, reinforcement modification, binary or multi-component blending modification, copolymerization modification and nano-particle reinforcement modification, interpenetrating network technology, etc., to significantly improve a certain aspect. Or comprehensive mechanical properties.

(3) Functional foaming materials and technology

In addition to common packaging, construction, thermal insulation and other fields, foam materials with special properties play an important role as functional materials in special occasions. For example, antistatic foams are used as packaging materials for electronic components and equipment, wave-absorbing foams are used as stealth materials for absorbing electromagnetic waves and anti-radar detection, biodegradable foams are used as cell scaffold materials in medical tissue engineering, Deuterated polystyrene foam and poly-4-methyl-1-pentene (PMP) ultra-low density foam used as various target materials in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research, polyimide with nanoscale pore size Amine foams are used in the microelectronics industry as insulating materials with ultra-low dielectric constants, among others.

Foam materials with an open cell structure are used as functional materials in terms of filtration, water passage, and ventilation. Typical open-cell functional foam materials also include water-absorbent and hydrophilic foam plastics, oil-absorbent foam plastics used to deal with marine oil spills, sound-absorbing foam materials used to eliminate noise pollution and improve the silent ability of submarines, used for Foam plastics for reducing chemical fertilizers, foam plastics with antibacterial and deodorizing functions, foam plastics that can absorb formaldehyde, and foam plastics with gas purification functions, etc.

In addition, reticulated polyurethane foam, which is different from ordinary open-cell foam, plays a unique role in fire prevention and explosion suppression in fuel tanks of military equipment such as aircraft, ships and tanks.

(4) Degradation and recycling of foamed materials

In order to eliminate "white pollution", foam materials with photo-biodegradability and biodegradability have been developed rapidly. Such as biodegradable foaming materials represented by polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), as well as biodegradable foaming materials of natural polymers such as starch and plant fibers. Polypropylene foam material, as an environmentally adaptable foam material with high heat resistance and excellent physical and mechanical properties, has also been favored by people and has become a hot spot of research and development at home and abroad.

On the other hand, the recycling of waste foam materials is an important way to reduce resource waste, rationally utilize energy, and protect the environment. The resource recycling technology of waste foam materials has been further developed, such as mixing waste foam materials with cement, concrete, fly ash, etc. to make various lightweight building composite materials, or through simple regeneration, granulation, and modified coating And various chemical raw materials such as paints, cracking and recycling, etc., have improved the recycling efficiency of waste foam materials. In addition, the foaming technology of waste recycled plastics also enables comprehensive utilization of waste plastics.

(5) New foaming process and new products

In addition to the traditional common extrusion, molding foaming and other processes, some new foaming processes, new products or improvements to the original technology have emerged in recent years. For example, microcellular foamed plastics prepared by supercritical fluid technology can basically maintain the basic mechanical properties of the original plastics and reduce the density of the material due to the small cell diameter and high cell density; It has unique advantages in saving materials and manufacturing large structural parts with light weight, high strength, high stiffness and good dimensional stability; low foaming profiles, structural foam synthetic wood and low foaming wood fiber/plastic composites New wood materials are of great significance in terms of resource conservation.

In addition, new processes and new products such as rotomolding and foaming, crust hollow blow molding, extrusion of low-foaming blown film, biaxially stretched foamed film, microsphere composite foam, and foamed insulated coaxial cable It has been paid attention to and researched by people, and the application of ultrasonic vibration and in-situ technology in foam molding has also aroused people's great interest.

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